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What the terms mean, what can go wrong, and how teams put AI on company data safely.
AI agents are language models that read company data and use tools to finish a task, such as answering an HR policy question from the handbook, drafting a customer reply from order history, or preparing a sales brief from the CRM.
AI guardrails are checks placed around a language model or AI agent that limit what goes in, what it can reach, what it can do and what comes out.
AI agent governance is the set of rules, controls and records a company uses to decide who can build AI agents, what each agent can see and do, and how its actions are checked and traced.
Human in the loop AI is a design where a person reviews, approves or corrects an AI system's work at chosen points instead of letting it act fully on its own.
AI data leakage is when sensitive or confidential data escapes through an AI system to people, providers or places that should not have it.
PII masking for AI means finding personally identifiable information, such as names, e-mail addresses, phone numbers, ID numbers and card numbers, and hiding or replacing it before an AI model reads it or before a reply is shown.
Private AI means using AI in a way that keeps your data under your own control: who can see it, where it is processed and stored, and whether it is used for training.
Shadow AI is the use of AI tools, such as public chatbots, browser extensions or AI features inside other apps, for work without the approval or oversight of IT and security teams.